The results highlight an annual NRW ofġ6,502,198 or 41% of the total water produced, inducing a revenue loss of US$Ĩ,713,156. July 2013 to June 2014, by using the International Water Association (IWA) (WASAC) of Rwanda, NRW was calculated for 15 WASAC branches and Provinces, from in an initial year and valued in the other currency in a desired year. Based on water usage records from the Water and Sanitation Corporation Computing Real Value Over Time with a Conversion between U.K. Magnitude of water losses, the associated environmental and socio-economicĬonsequences, as well as the potential benefits from water loss reduction in Little attention has been paid to quantitative assessment of the spatialĭistribution of water losses in Rwanda. Water utilities and sustainable natural water resource management. This is the US Dollar (USD) to Canadian Dollar (CAD) exchange rate history data page for the year of 2016, covering 366 days of USD CAD historical data. Water loss or Non-Revenue Water (NRW) threatens the financial viability of Ideal for auditors, CPA or tax professionals looking to spot check, analyse or report across exchange rate data. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Our historical currency converter offers authoritative data across 38,000 currency pairs dating as far back as 1990. Non-Revenue Water, Water Loss Reduction, Sustainability, WASAC, Rwanda The Need for Awareness of Drinking Water Loss Reduction for Sustainable Water Resource Management in RwandaĪUTHORS: Fidele Karamage, Chi Zhang, Felix Ndayisaba, Lamek Nahayo, Alphonse Kayiranga, James Kehinde Omifolaji, Hua Shao, Alice Umuhoza, Jean Baptiste Nsengiyumva, Tong Liu OANDA (2016) Historical Exchange Rates: OANDA’s Currency Calculator Tools Use OANDA Rates.
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